Choosing between the 45-70 and the 308 can be challenging. Both cartridges have unique strengths.
The 45-70 and the 308 are popular for different reasons. Understanding their differences helps you make an informed choice. The 45-70, known for its power, is ideal for big game hunting. On the other hand, the 308 is celebrated for its versatility and accuracy.
This comparison will explore key features, performance, and best use cases for each cartridge. This guide aims to help you decide which one suits your needs better. Whether you are a hunter or a shooting enthusiast, knowing the pros and cons of each can be beneficial. Let’s dive into the details of 45-70 versus 308.
Introduction To 45-70 And 308
The .45-70 and .308 cartridges are popular choices among hunters and shooting enthusiasts. Each has its unique characteristics that make it suitable for different types of hunting and shooting activities. In this post, we will explore the historical background and popularity among hunters of these two iconic cartridges.
Historical Background
The .45-70 Government cartridge was developed in the late 19th century. It was first used by the U.S. military in 1873. The .45-70 was originally designed for the Springfield Model 1873 rifle, also known as the “Trapdoor Springfield.” This cartridge became famous for its impressive stopping power and ability to take down large game.
The .308 Winchester was introduced in the 1950s. It was developed as a commercial cartridge by Winchester, derived from the 7.62x51mm NATO round used by the military. The .308 quickly gained popularity due to its accuracy and versatility. It became a favorite for both military and civilian use.
Popularity Among Hunters
Both cartridges are highly regarded by hunters. The .45-70 is known for its large bullet size and heavy recoil. It is ideal for hunting large game such as bears, moose, and buffalo. Hunters appreciate its ability to deliver powerful shots at close to medium ranges.
The .308 Winchester, on the other hand, is praised for its accuracy and versatility. It is suitable for a wide range of game, including deer, elk, and wild boar. The .308 is also favored for long-range shooting due to its flatter trajectory compared to the .45-70.
Here is a quick comparison of the two cartridges:
| Feature | .45-70 Government | .308 Winchester |
|---|---|---|
| Introduction Year | 1873 | 1952 |
| Bullet Diameter | .458 inches | .308 inches |
| Case Length | 2.105 inches | 2.015 inches |
| Max Effective Range | 200 yards | 800 yards |
| Recoil | Heavy | Moderate |
Choosing between the .45-70 and .308 depends on your specific hunting needs. Both offer unique advantages that cater to different preferences and requirements.
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Caliber And Ballistics
The choice between the 45-70 and the 308 calibers often depends on their ballistic performance. Understanding the ballistics of these rounds can guide you in making the right decision for your needs. Below, we will explore the ballistics of each caliber in detail.
45-70 Ballistics
The 45-70 cartridge is known for its large size and heavy bullet. It is effective at short to medium ranges. Its power is ideal for big game hunting. The bullet weight ranges from 300 to 500 grains.
- Velocity: Typically between 1,200 to 2,200 feet per second.
- Energy: Ranges from 1,800 to 3,500 foot-pounds.
- Trajectory: Drops significantly at longer ranges.
Here is a summary table:
| Bullet Weight (grains) | Velocity (fps) | Energy (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|
| 300 | 2,200 | 3,200 |
| 400 | 1,800 | 2,900 |
| 500 | 1,200 | 1,800 |
308 Ballistics
The 308 Winchester is a popular choice for its versatility and accuracy. It performs well at longer ranges compared to the 45-70. The bullet weights typically range from 150 to 180 grains.
- Velocity: Usually between 2,600 to 2,800 feet per second.
- Energy: Ranges from 2,500 to 2,800 foot-pounds.
- Trajectory: Flatter and more predictable over long distances.
Here is a summary table:
| Bullet Weight (grains) | Velocity (fps) | Energy (ft-lbs) |
|---|---|---|
| 150 | 2,800 | 2,600 |
| 165 | 2,700 | 2,700 |
| 180 | 2,600 | 2,800 |
The 308‘s flatter trajectory makes it a favorite for long-range shooting. It is also widely used in tactical and hunting scenarios.
Recoil And Handling
When comparing the 45-70 and 308, understanding recoil and handling is crucial. These factors affect both comfort and accuracy during shooting sessions. Let’s dive into how these two cartridges differ in recoil and handling.
Recoil Comparison
The 45-70 cartridge is known for its strong recoil. This heavy recoil might be uncomfortable for some shooters. On the other hand, the 308 has a more manageable recoil. It’s lighter and easier to control. This makes it suitable for extended shooting sessions. The difference in recoil is significant. It impacts shooting comfort and overall experience.
Ease Of Handling
Handling the 45-70 requires more strength and experience. Its heavier recoil demands better control. The 308, however, is easier to handle. Its lighter recoil ensures better accuracy for many users. For beginners, the 308 is often the preferred choice. It’s less intimidating and offers a smoother shooting experience. Both cartridges have their unique characteristics. Yet, the 308 stands out for ease of handling.
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Ammunition Availability
Choosing between the 45-70 and 308 calibers requires understanding ammunition availability. Many factors affect this choice, including the variety and accessibility of ammo. Availability can influence your shooting experience, practice frequency, and overall satisfaction.
45-70 Ammo Options
The 45-70 Government round has a long history. It offers a range of options. You can find various bullet weights and types. Popular choices include soft points, hollow points, and full metal jackets. Specialty loads are also available for hunting large game. However, 45-70 ammo can sometimes be more expensive. It may not be as widely stocked in local stores. Online retailers usually have a better selection.
308 Ammo Options
The 308 Winchester is widely popular. Its ammo is abundant and varied. You can easily find different bullet weights. There are options for target shooting, hunting, and tactical uses. Full metal jackets, hollow points, and soft points are common. The 308 ammo tends to be more affordable. Local stores often stock it in large quantities. Online retailers also offer a vast selection. This makes it easier to practice and stay prepared.
Performance In Different Hunting Scenarios
Choosing between the 45-70 and 308 calibers can be challenging. Both have unique strengths. Their performance varies in different hunting scenarios. Let’s explore their effectiveness in close-range and long-range hunting.
Close-range Hunting
The 45-70 is a powerhouse in close-range hunting. Its heavy bullet delivers immense stopping power. It’s perfect for dense forests and thick brush. The 45-70 can drop big game like deer or bear with ease.
Advantages of the 45-70 in close-range hunting:
- High stopping power
- Effective in dense vegetation
- Ideal for large game
On the other hand, the 308 performs well at close range too. It offers versatility and accuracy. Though it has less stopping power than the 45-70, it is still effective for medium to large game.
Advantages of the 308 in close-range hunting:
- Versatility
- High accuracy
- Suitable for medium to large game
Long-range Hunting
Long-range hunting requires precision and power. The 308 excels in this scenario. It provides a flatter trajectory and better accuracy over long distances. The 308 is ideal for open fields and long-range shots.
Advantages of the 308 in long-range hunting:
- Flat trajectory
- High accuracy
- Effective for long shots
The 45-70 is less suited for long-range hunting. Its heavy bullet drops quickly over distance. This makes it less accurate at longer ranges. It is better kept for shorter, more powerful shots.
Challenges of the 45-70 in long-range hunting:
- Bullet drop over distance
- Less accuracy at long range
- Limited range effectiveness
Rifle Options And Customization
Choosing between the 45-70 and 308 calibers can be a tough decision. Both offer unique benefits. Rifle options and customization play a key role in making your choice. This section will help you understand popular rifles for each caliber.
Popular 45-70 Rifles
The 45-70 caliber is a favorite among hunters. Many prefer its powerful stopping ability. The Marlin 1895 is a popular choice. It’s known for its reliability and accuracy. This lever-action rifle offers a classic feel. Many hunters trust it for big game hunting.
The Henry All-Weather lever-action rifle is another top pick. It features a weather-resistant coating. This makes it ideal for all hunting conditions. The Henry is also known for its smooth action. Customizing these rifles is easy. You can add scopes, change stocks, and more.
Popular 308 Rifles
The 308 caliber is versatile. It’s used by hunters and target shooters alike. The Remington 700 is one of the most popular 308 rifles. It’s known for its precision and durability. This bolt-action rifle is a staple in many collections. Customization options are plentiful. You can upgrade triggers, stocks, and barrels.
The Ruger American Rifle is another top choice. It’s affordable and reliable. This bolt-action rifle is great for beginners and experts. The Ruger American is also easy to customize. Many shooters add bipods, scopes, and other accessories.
Cost And Value
When choosing between the 45-70 and .308, cost and value are crucial factors. Understanding the initial investment and long-term value helps make an informed decision.
Initial Investment
The initial cost of firearms and ammunition can vary. Here’s a comparison:
| Caliber | Firearm Cost | Ammunition Cost |
|---|---|---|
| 45-70 | $800 – $1,500 | $2 – $3 per round |
| .308 | $600 – $1,200 | $0.60 – $1.50 per round |
The .308 typically offers a lower initial investment. Both firearm and ammo are less expensive.
Long-term Value
Considering long-term value involves several factors:
- Availability of Ammunition: The .308 ammo is more widely available.
- Versatility: The .308 is versatile. It works for hunting and target shooting.
- Maintenance: Both calibers require regular maintenance for longevity.
While the 45-70 is excellent for big game hunting, the .308 offers more long-term value due to its versatility and lower cost.
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Expert Opinions And User Reviews
Choosing between the 45-70 and the 308 can be tough. Expert opinions and user reviews can help make the decision easier. Both rifles have their strengths and weaknesses. Understanding what experts and users think can provide valuable insights.
Hunter Testimonials
Many hunters praise the 45-70 for its power. It is effective for large game. Hunters say it has a strong recoil but gets the job done. The 308, on the other hand, is known for its accuracy. Many hunters prefer it for smaller game. Some say it has less recoil, making it easier to handle.
One hunter said the 308 is great for long-distance shots. Another noted the 45-70 is best for close-range hunting. User experiences vary, but many agree both rifles perform well. Choosing depends on the type of game and hunting style.
Expert Recommendations
Experts have their own views on the 45-70 vs 308 debate. Some recommend the 45-70 for its stopping power. It is a favorite for big game hunting. Experts say it is reliable in thick brush and dense forests.
Others suggest the 308 for its versatility. It is suitable for a variety of hunting scenarios. Experts highlight its accuracy at long ranges. They also appreciate its manageable recoil.
In the end, expert recommendations often align with personal preferences. Knowing what professionals think can guide your choice.
Frequently Asked Questions
What Is The Difference Between 45-70 And 308?
The 45-70 is a larger caliber with more stopping power. The 308 is smaller but has higher velocity.
Which Is Better For Hunting, 45-70 Or 308?
The 45-70 is better for big game due to its power. The 308 is better for long-distance shots.
Is 45-70 More Powerful Than 308?
Yes, the 45-70 has more power and stopping ability. The 308 has higher velocity and range.
What Are The Uses Of 45-70 And 308?
The 45-70 is used for big game hunting. The 308 is used for hunting, target shooting, and military applications.
Which Has More Recoil, 45-70 Or 308?
The 45-70 has more recoil due to its larger caliber. The 308 has less recoil and is easier to handle.
Conclusion
Both the. 45-70 and. 308 offer unique benefits. The. 45-70 excels in close range power. The. 308 provides better accuracy at longer distances. Consider your specific needs before choosing. Think about the type of hunting or shooting you do. Both calibers have strong followings and practical applications.
The right choice depends on your personal preference. Always test both to see which fits you best. Making an informed decision ensures you get the most out of your firearm. Happy shooting!